Wednesday, October 15, 2014

Reaction Paper 2 - Brendan DePoy

Slavery and its Effect on the Cultural Creation of the United States

Throughout the making of the United States, slavery consistently affected the culture of the United States. As a key economic tool, slavery played a significant role in the making of the country. Slavery forced the founders of the United States to face tough issues and make decisions involving the equality status of the African American race. With slavery, the Africans brought with them new ideas and influences that the Europeans had never encountered. The slaves grasped onto these ideas because they gave them a sense of humanity that they had once had in their past lives. Many of these cultural aspects and the influence of slavery have been attempted to be covered up in the past due to their effect on United States history that many wish had never happened. Although dim and inhumane, slavery did provide a new form of culture and race to the United States that not only changed the lives of African Americans, but that changed the United States and what it was founded on as a whole.
            Beginning with the revolutionary war, the United States was going through a time of great change. The United States was attempting to gain their freedom from the British. It was a time of great opportunity for everyone, except slaves. By this point in history, slavery was a major factor in the colonies of the new world and with the beginning of this new war against the British, slavery was even more important. Slaves were asked to fight for the freedom of a country that provided no freedom to themselves. Some slaves believed that freedom could be won if they fought in the war. Others were actually promised freedom for their service. The English also attempted to use the idea of slavery against the United States with Lord Dunmore’s proclamation. Due to his army being withered down to just three hundred men, Lord Dunmore, “offered to emancipate slaves who joined the Royal Army. More than 700 flocked to his lines.” [1]. This showed how the slaves did not care which side of the war they were on, they just wanted to be free. The war created an interesting culture of both the whites and blacks fighting for their own freedom, but each having to fight different enemies.
            As the slaves began to see their owners fighting for their freedom, they began to question even more than before why they could not be free like their owners. These slaves were as much a part of this new country that was beginning to form as their owners were and without them, the country would not function. As the Massachusetts Blacks explained in their petition, “we have in common with all other men a naturel right to our freedoms without Being depriv’d of them by our fellow men as we are a freeborn Pepel and have never forfeited this Blessing by aney compact or agreement whatever” [2]. Because of this recognition, slaves began to fight back. Slaves did use violent attacks to attempt to gain their freedom and equality, but even more so, slaves used the common aspects of the white culture to gain any sort of equality they could. Religion is a huge example of this. Slaves used the new Baptist movement as a way to become in one way equal to their owners. As Sobel explained, “Virtually all eighteenth-century Baptist and Methodist churches were mixed churches, in which blacks sometimes preached to whites” [3]. This was an astonishing accomplishment because up until this point, blacks were not allowed to do anything that whites did, or at least not at the same time and in the same place.
Slavery was a major factor in the economic success of the United States at its creation. Because of this, the slaves that were brought over to the United States and sold into slavery and also the slaves born into slavery, brought with them the ideas and influences that they had grown up with and learned from their elders. These ideas and influences varied profoundly from what the white men and women were used to. The cultural aspects of the Africans such as music, religion, family traditions, and burial rituals were all much different than the Whites. These new cultural traits were so prevalent because the slaves used them as a way to maintain their independence. One example of this was the use of the circle. As Stuckey explained, “the circle is linked to the most important of all African ceremonies, the burial ceremony” [4]. This culture was brought over to the new world along with the slaves. Examples like the use of the circle helped create a sense of companionship between the different African races that were now joined together in the struggle of slavery.
            The slaves used culture as a way to express themselves. Through the commodification process that each slave was put through, masters attempted to take every bit of humanity out of the slaves. Culture provided a way to regain humanity that the slaves had once had as free men and women. The use of culture gave the slaves an identity. The slaves were more than just commodities when they were playing the music and singing the songs of their ancestors, they were people. Through the use of religion, slaves could gain a sense of autonomy. No matter how hard the masters tried to take away the religion of the slaves ancestors, the slaves were still able to believe in whatever they truly wanted to believe in. Slaves could get married and start families. And ironically, some slaves even tried to use the religious culture of the Whites to gain their freedom. In a world where every choice was made for them, culture gave the slaves something that they could choose for themselves.
            Slavery affected the making of the United States and its rules and documents as well. Throughout the constitution, slavery is underlined without actually being mentioned. According to Waldstreicher, of the Constitution’s eighty-four clauses, “six are directly concerned with slaves and their owners” [5]. Knowing how important slavery was, the founder of the United States overlooked the inhumane nature of slavery and made certain to support slavery and the ideas behind it. Most of the forefathers of the United States gave very indefinite answers when asked about the right and wrong nature of slavery. This shows the dilemma that the early leaders of our country faced. The leaders were forced to choose between economic success, and what they saw as morally right. Financially in a bind, the men were forced into creating a country underlined by slavery.

            Slavery is an idea that many people do not like to talk about. Slavery represented a time in the United States where economic prosperity was chosen over what was morally correct. However, slavery did have positive aspects as well. Slavery brought a brand new form of culture, customs, and race to the United States that would have never been here if it were not for slavery. Slavery was also a major theme in the making of our country as a whole. Although slavery produced a society based upon the commodification and immoral use of human beings, slavery contributed a new form of culture that helped shape the United States into the country that it is today.

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